Everything about Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide totally explained
Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide, or
BSCCO (pronounced "bisko"), is a family of
high-temperature superconductors having the generalized chemical formula
Bi2Sr2CanCun+1O2n+6.
Specific types of BSCCO are usually referred to using the sequence of the numbers of the metallic ions. Thus
BSCCO-2212 (Bi
2Sr
2Ca
1Cu
2O
8) has a critical temperature of 95
K and
BSCCO-2223 (Bi
2Sr
2Ca
2Cu
3O
10) has
Tc = 107 K. Both these critical temperatures are above the temperature of
liquid nitrogen (b.p. 77 K). BSCCO was also the first high-temperature
superconductor to be discovered which didn't contain a
rare earth element.
BSCCO-2212 is the first high-temperature superconductor to be used for making conducting
wires. Although it has the same problems with weak links at crystal grain boundaries as
YBCO, for BSCCO this can be overcome by a
texture evolution during the rolling process due to
Van-der-Waals coupled BiO layers, which are not present in
YBCO. However, its
critical current density (Minimal
Amps per square
Metre of cross-sectional area) in magnetic fields at elevated temperatures is about a factor 10 less than that of YBCO.
Both
BSCCO-2212 and
BSCCO-2223 can be made into wires via the
Powder in Tube process, though
BSCCO-2223 then has to be rolled into a tape to align the crystals sufficiently to form a useful superconductor.
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